The shoulder is the largest and complex joint in the human body with the greatest
mobility. Around 67% of adults experience shoulder pain at some time in their life,
with the highest incidence occurring between the ages of 40 and 65. Shoulder pain or
functional limitations can greatly reduce quality of life and independence, even
causing loss of work. Physical therapy consists of a series of exercises focused on
building strength. Whilst these exercises can be performed independently by the
patient, having supervised or assisted rehabilitation is more effective. However, due
to the need for specialized personnel and high costs, such therapy is not always
accessible. This limitation emphasizes the importance of developing wearable
rehabilitation devices that offer a personalized approach. A major challenge in
developing these devices is testing and adjusting them for patients with different
shoulder conditions and recovery rates. To address this, a robot-based “physical twin”
can simulate multiple conditions while using sensors to monitor forces and
movements. Ultimately, this project aims to develop a wearable rehabilitation device
with soft sensors and actuators, using the physical twin not only for evaluation and
testing but also to support precise, individualized shoulder rehabilitation research.